Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) is an XML-related technology which is used to transform XML data. XML file are used to set the ground-rules for a given body of data and to describe the data itself. XSL allows us to take that data and convert it into information which can be displayed in a web browser window or opened with a text editor. It can also be used to create an XML file which is a modified version of an original XML file.
When displaying elements in a browser window, the XSL elements which enable looping through an XML tree and decision-making really come into their own. One of the key methods used in XSL for looping through XML elements is the “For-each” element. This uses the “select” attribute to specify which element is to be targeted in the loop. The “For-each” element has both an opening and a closing tag and any lines of code placed between the opening and closing tags will be repeated each time the element specified in the “select” attribute is encountered in the XML file.
For example, suppose we have an XML file containing a list of companies and the addresses of their websites. Suppose, as well, that the element which we will be targeting in the XSL “For-each” statement is called “company” and that, within each company element, we have a “name”, “telephone” and “website” element. Before starting our “For-each” loop, we could place the opening tag of an HTML “ul” element (an unordered or bulleted list).
Inside the “For-each” loop, we could output an HTML “li” element and, between the opening and closing tag, output the contents of the “name” and “telephone” elements from the XML file. The data in the “website” could be used to convert the “name” into a clickable link.
As for the appearance of the data in the resulting HTML output, this would be controlled by a linked CSS file. CSS can be used to format the output in any way we like, so our bulleted list can take on pretty much any appearance we desire.
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